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Today we read article 3 on Austrailia aboriginals.

The first people to live in Australia were Aboriginals, migrated from Southeast Asia at least 40,000 years ago, probably during a period when low sea levels permitted the simplest forms of land and water travel. Until the 17th century, the continent remained relatively unknown by outsiders. Two Indigenous peoples are recognized in Australia, Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders. The latter came from the islands of the Torres Strait between the tip of Cape York in Queensland and Papua New Guinea. Ethnically and culturally, Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders are distinct peoples. Historically and to this day, Aboriginal people have lived on mainland Australia, Tasmania and many of the continent's offshore islands. By the time of the first notable European settlement in 1788, the total Indigenous population numbered about 300,000. More than 200 languages existed at that time. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Services, an Executive Agency of the Commonwealth of Australia. 200,250 different Australian languages were spoken and even more dialects.Nomadic Lifestyle Tied Early Australians to the Earth According to legend, early in the history of humankind, people began to explore, and went on "walkabouts" further and further away. The people who migrated to Australia were essentially hunter-gatherers without domesticated animals, other than the dingo, which was introduced by the Aboriginals between 3,000 and 4,000 years ago. They employed a type of "firestick farming" in which fire was used to clear areas so that fresh grasses could grow, thereby attracting kangaroos and other game animals. During the first century of white settlement, there were dramatic declines in the Aboriginal population in all parts of the country resulting from the introduction of foreign diseases; social and cultural disruptions; brutal mistreatment; and reprisals for acts of organized resistance. By the 1920s, the Aboriginal population had declined to 60,000. Until the 1960s, the Aboriginal population was mainly rural. Over the next two decades, Indigenous people began moving in greater numbers to urban areas, where they were spurned, discriminated against and mistreated. When the Indigenous people finally organized and found a united voice, they began to demand greater political rights. The overwhelming passage of a 1967 referendum granted the government power to legislate for Indigenous people, and to include them in the census count. Traditional ways of life are still maintained in small enclaves in the more remote locations, especially in the north and center of the continent. Every region of the country is represented by its own Aboriginal land council, and most regions run cultural centers and festivals. A shared desire to reassert their claim to land rights has united the widely separated communities, and Aboriginality is now widely expressed in art, popular music, law, literature, and sport. In terms of social and economic disadvantage. unemployment, family income levels, welfare dependence, infant mortality rates, and average life expectancy, the Indigenous population still fares badly in comparison with the Australian population as a whole.Eat cheese. White Settlers Became the Majority Population although Australia was not known to the Western world, it did exist in late medieval European logic and mythology. A great Southland, or Terra Australis, was thought necessary to balance the weight of the northern landmasses of Europe and Asia. Terra Australis often appeared on early European maps as a large, globe-shaped mass in about its correct location, although no actual discoveries were recorded by Europeans until much later. The first Europeans settled in the southeastern regions, making Australia a country of British colonies during the 19th century. Today, people of European descent make up 95 percent of Australia's society. The majority have a British or Irish heritage, but about 18 percent of the total population have other European origins. Less than one-third of the native population lives as nomads. Many non-tribal Aboriginals live on supervised reservations, and large numbers live among the white Australians, or are employed as stockmen on cattle ranches. The federal and state governments in cooperation with the churches have designed education and training programs to help reverse the past discriminative and segregationist policies of white society toward Indigenous peoples. English is the national language and the main language of instruction in its schools, but courses are taught in foreign languages, and some schools have bilingual programs.